- White students made gains during the college years, the Black students benefited more than 4 times as much, increasing their scores more than 0.7 SD from the time of entering college until the time of graduation 4 years later.
- Between the beginning and end of High School, the scores of White future HS graduates increased more than twice as much as the scores of Black future HS graduates.
- As Black and White students complete more grades in high school environments that differ in quality, the gap in cognitive test scores widens.
- At college level where Black and White students are exposed to educational environments of comparable quality, many Blacks are able to make remarkable gains, closing the gaps in test scores.
- Variations in amount and quality of education that are within the range commonly observed in this country can have a profound impact.