- It appears that Black gains relative to White gains were small. The observed gains of desegregated Black children are not attributable to the presence of White classmates per se. Instead, they appear due to more general improvements in schools or districts that occur during the implementation of desegregation.
- The effects of desegregation are relatively similar to other attempts to improve educational outcomes.
- When benefit to Black students is found, it is not attributable to desegregation per se, but instead, to other school or district factors that accompany its implementation.
- Even if on the average the effect of desegregated schooling on academic achievement was shown to be zero, desegregated schooling is required if the issue of interracial acceptance is to be addressed.
- The desegregation studies that meet the NIE minimal criteria show some moderate academic benefit to Black children when they attend desegregated schools.
- Whatever the academic effects found, they are due to teachers and schools and only attributable to changes in the percentages of Black and White students to the extent that such changes concomitantly change teachers and schools.